Nanostraw‐Assisted Cellular Injection of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds via Direct Membrane Opening

Due to their stable fluorescence, biocompatibility, and amenability functionalization, fluorescent nanodiamonds (FND) are promising materials for long term cell labeling tracking. However, transporting them the cytosol remains a major challenge, due low internalization efficiencies endosomal entrapment. Here, nanostraws in combination with voltage electroporation pulses used achieve direct delivery of FND cytosol. The nanostraw leads efficient rapid transport into cells compared when incubating FND-containing medium. Moreover, whereas all internalized delivered by incubation end up lysosomes, significantly larger proportion nanostraw-injected cytosol, which opens using as cellular probes. Furthermore, order answer long-standing question field nano-biology regarding state membrane on hollow nanostructures, live stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is performed image directly nanostraws. time-lapse STED images reveal that entirely top upon application gentle electrical pulses, supports hypothesis many avoiding endocytosis lysosomal